Steam-generator.



110,353,182. l PATENTED MAY 7, 1907.

T. LOWTHER.

sTEAMlG-ENERATOR.

APPLIUATION FILED 00T. 13. 1906.

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PATENTED MAY 7, 1907.

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110.853,182. y EATENTED MAY 7, 1907.

' T. LowTEEE.

STEAM GENERATOR.

APPLIUATIOH FILED 00T. 13, 1906.

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THOMAS LOWTHER, 0F EKATERINOSLAF, RUSSIA.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 7, 1907.

Application filed October 13,1906. Serial No. 338,743.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS LowTHER,a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Ekaterinoslaf Government,

South Russia, have invented Improvements in Steam-Generators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to steam generators and has for its object to so combine and arrange a number of steam generating or evaporative elements or units as to produce a boiler of simple construction possessing a higher efficiency than the constructions hitherto commonly used.

A steam generator according thereto comprises two or more sets of horizontal and transversely arranged water containing and steam generating conduits or drums (hereinafter called drums) of comparatively large size arranged one above the other and connected together at their ends through one or more pairs of main vessels or drums extending longitudinally with reference to the general dimensions of the boiler and hereinafter `called the longitudinal drums, the arrangement being such that the transverse drums of the several sets are not located directly onev above the other but are displaced horizontally relatively to one another so that those of one set are opposite spaces between those of the other set or next adjacent set so as to form an undulating path, extending more or less in a horizontal direction, for the heating gases passing from the fire grate to the uptake or chimney stack.

Each set of transverse conduits or drums may be connected at their ends to a pair of longitudinal main drums so as to form therewith a separate element, two or more such elements being placed one over the other with the longitudinal drums directly one above the other and connected together, as by tubular connections or branches'between them. Or, the lower set of transverse drums may be connected to a pair of longitudinal drums across which the next set of transverse drums are placed and connected near their ends to the top of such longitudinal drums. Upon the top of the second set of transverse drums may, if desired, be placed another element comprising transverse and longitudinal drums, the uppermost transverse drums, or longitudinal drums being connected to one or more steam drums, vessels or pipes which,

flame and hot gases are caused to pass through the space between the lower and next upper set of transverse drums direct lto a chimney at the end of the steam generator opposite to the front or lire box end, or be led back over the tops of the second set of transverse drums to a chimney or uptake at the front or fire box end of the steam generator; or be again led back over the tops of the second set of transverse drums to a chimney at the rear end of the steam generator. In this way a steam generator having a very effective heating surface is provided whereby a high evaporative efficiency is obtained. To still further increase the evaporative efficiency,

the transverse conduits or drums of one element may be connected to those of the adj acent element or elements by small water or steam tubes, according to their position, extending across the path for the hot gases. As the longitudinal and transverse drums are of comparatively large size, they can be readily cleaned out when necessary.

. The details of construction can be variously modified but by way of example, a few constructionswill now be described with the aid of the accompanying illustrative drawings from which the scope of the invention will be readily ascertained.

In these drawings, Figure l is a transverse section andi, Fig. 2 a longitudinal section, showing oneconstruction of steam generator according to this invention. Figs. v3 and 4 are views similar to Figs. l and 2 respectively showing a modified yconstruction-of the steam generator. Fig. 5 shows in longitudinal section, a construction of the steam generator wherein the heating gases are caused to return from the back of the boiler to be liberated at the front end thereof. Figs. 6 and 7 show in cross section, portions of a steam generator provided with two different arrangements of auxiliary heating tubes. Fig. 8 is a sectional detail view showing part of a transverse drum with rows of auxiliary tubes connected thereto. Figs. 9 and l0 are similar views to Fig. l and Fig. l1 a similar view to Fig. 2, showing other modified constructions of steam generators according to this invention. p

According to the construction of boiler shown in Figs. l and 2, there are two super- IOO IOS

posed elements each comprising a pair of lon- IIO nml

ent levels and those that are directly one above the other are connected together by a number of circulating tubes or tubular connections 2. The transverse drums 3 connecting the pair of longitudinal drums 1 of each element may be of any convenient number and, in the example, are of smaller diameter than`the main drums 1, those in the lower set being also smaller in cross section n than those in the upper set which inthis example serve as water and steam drums. The transverse drums 3 for each pair of main longitudinal drums 1 are pitched equidis'tantly whether the number be the same for each pair or not, but the pitch centers of the transverse drums 3 of one pair of main drums are not in the same vertical planes as those of the other pair but are displaced with respect thereto, preferably to the extent of half the pitch dimension as is clearly illustrated. `The upper longitudinal drums 1 are provided with steam domes 4 that are connected by branch steam pipes 5 to a steam supply pipe 6 common to them.

In the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4, there is a lower element of the kind hereinbefore described comprising a pair of longitudinal drums 1 connected by a set of tranverse drums 3, and a second. set of transverse drums 3 arranged across and connected by tubular connections 2al to the tops of the pair of longitudinal drums 1 of the lower element. Extending longitudinally across and connected to the end portions of the second set of transverse drums 3 are two longitudinal steam pipes, vessels or drums 4 that are connected by branch pipes 5 to a steam supply pipe 6 common to them.

Longitudinal and transverse drums constructed and arranged in the manner indicated, constitute, with the aid of an appropriate inclosing casing 7 or setting, a very eifective steam generator of high evaporative order.

The fire box 8 may, in each case, as shown, be located at or near the level of the center of the lowermost pair of main cylindrical drums 1, the grate 9 extending inwardly so that it is overhung by a portion of one of the transverse drums 3 of the upper set of such drums. The arrangement is such that the flame and gases from the furnace will, as indicated, follow an undulating path by impinging upon and being alternately defiected by the several transverse drums 3 until the uptake or chimney 1() is reached. -The casing 7 for inclosing the several elements may, as shown, conveniently be made of sheet metal lined with asbestos or other good or suitable incombustible and heat resisting material. The spaces between the transverse drums 3 in each set thereof, except the bottom set, may conveniently be closed at or near the top by -lire -or equivalent.

shown 1n Fig. 5 wherein three elements each ings 12(l that are normally closedby cover plates 12e'but through which ashes that may accumulate between the said drum 3 can be allowed to fall into the ash pit 12C the cover plates 12e. n

In some cases, the hot gases may be led back over the tops of the upper transverse drums before reaching the uptake or chimney by lifting so as to superheat the steam .in such drums and in the upper main longitudinal drums 4 Such an arrangement 1s consisting of two longitudinal drums 1 and a set of transverse drums 5 are arranged one above the other, the flame and hot gases being led rearward between the lowest and next upper sets of transverse drums 3 and forward between the second and upper sets of transverse drums to the chimney 10 vat the front end of the steam generator.

The transverse drums 3 may be connected to the longitudinal drums 1 in any suitable or well known manner, as for example by form- .ing them with flanged ends 13 (see Figs. 1 and 3) adapted to fit over holes 14 in the sides of the longitudinal drums 1, and riveting the flanges to the latter drums.

As a modification, to increase the heating surface exposed to the action of the gases proceeding from the furnace, the transverse drums 3 that are located at' one level may be connected with those atv another level by tubes of any desired dimensions and number.

There may be a single transverse row of tubes 15 of constant cross section connecting corresponding drums 3 of the superposed sets as shown in Fig. 2, or of varying cross section as shown in Fig. 6. Further, the drums 3 of the superposed sets which do not correspond may be connected. by tubes 15, 'as shown in Fig. 7. Or, in lieu of a single row of tubes 15, several such rows may be arranged be tween adjacent parts of the transverse drums 3, as shown for example in Fig. 4, where two rows are adopted, the individual tubes being curved so that their ends are at right angles to the walls of the drums 3 to enable them to be readily fixed thereto, Fig. 5 shows three rows of connecting tubes 15 between some of the transverse drums, the outer rows being curved and the inner row straight. It willl be understood that cross connecting tubes such as just described, may be applied between any sets of superposed transverse drums 3 shown in the preceding Figs. 1 to 5.

Fig. 8 is a section of a portion of one of the transverse drums 3 illustrating the manner 1n which the tubes are preferably connectedl i i good joint to be made between the drum and the tubes 15 when the latter are inserted and expanded in holes therein.

Some of the tubes 15 will be water tubes, and some, such as those that may connect together portions of transverse drums that are above the water level, will be steam tubes.

' Also, as a further modification, the main or longitudinal drums 1 referred to, in lieu of being cylindrical may, in some cases, and as shown for example in Fig. 9, be semi-cylindrical in cross section, the transverse conduits 3 being cylindrical or drum shaped, as

before, andconnected to the flat sides of such main drums 1. This` connection may be ef fected in any well known manner. Conveniently it may be effected by flanging the holes in the flat plates to which the transverse drums 3 are to be connected, as at 17, and in serting the transverse drums in such holes and riveting them to the flanges `17 which are preferably arranged,as shown, at the inner side of the plates or main drums 1 so th at the rivets 1.8 will not be exposed to ythe hot gases. In this example, the longitudinal drums 1 are. connected together by vertical laterally arranged tubes 19, and the upper longitudinal drums 1 are connected by branch pipes 5 to a common steam drum 20, having an outlet Fig. 10 shows a further modified construction of the steam generator according to which two superposed sets of transverse drums 3 are connected at their ends to the inner flat sides ,of two longitudinal vessels or drums 1 common to them, the arrangement in other respects being similar to that shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 shows a steam generator of the kind hereinbefore described but made double ended, that is to say, .with a furnace chamber 8 at each end and with a chimney or uptake 1 0 at or near the center of its length.

In each case, the ends of the longitudinal drums 1, and also those of the transverse drums 3 that are placed across the longitudinal drums, asin Figs. 3 and 4, are or may advantageously be made of dished, semispherical or other convex shape for the purpose of strengthening them.

In Figs. 2, 4 and l1 the drums 1 are shown with dished ends and in Figs. 3 and 5 with semi-spherical ends.

As usual, suitable valve controlled pipe connections arer provided at convenient points, for feeding water to the boiler, blowing oif purposes and for conducting the steam to the engine or other place where it is to-be utilized.

The details of construction can be variously modified.

What I claim is 1. In a steam generator, av plurality of horizontal and transversely arranged drums located in sets one above the other, said sets of drums being in communication with each other at their ends and the transverse drums thereof arranged to form an undulating path between the sets.

2. In va steam generator, a plurality of horizontal and transversely arranged drums located in communicating sets one above the other, a irebox, and an uptake or chimney,

said sets of drums being arranged to form an undulating path between them from said fire box to said chimney or uptake.

3. In a steam generator, the combination withv longitudinalv or main drums, of a plurality of horizontal and transversely arranged drums located in sets one above the other and connected at their ends to said longitudinal or main drums so as to provide an undulating path for the heating gases, as

set forth.

4. In a steam generator, the combination with longitudinal or main' drums, of a plurality of horizontal and transversely arranged .drums located in superposed sets displaced horizontally with respect to each `other and connected at .their ends to said lonof the set next in order.

6. In a steam generator, the combination with a plurality of longitudinal or main drums arranged in'superposed pairs, of a plu-v rality of horizontal .and transversely ar ranged drums connected in sets to said longitudinal or main drums so as to provide an undulating path for the heating gases between them, and means for connecting together the superposed pairs of main drums.

"7. In a steam generator, the combination with a plurality of longitudinal or main drums arranged in superposed pairs, of a plu.- rality of horizontal and transversely arranged drums connected to said longitudinal or main drums in sets displaced. horizontally with respect to each other, and means for connecting together corresponding main drums of adjacent pairs.

8. In a steam generator, the combination with a plurality of longitudinal or main drums arranged in superposed pairs, of a plurality of horizontal and transversely arranged drums connected to said longitudinal IOO IIO

y ing together corresponding drums of adjacent pairs of longitudinal or main drums.

9. In a steam generator, the combination with a lurality of longitudinal or main drums o a plurality of horizontal and transversely arranged. drums connected t-o said longitudinal or main drums in sets displaced horizontally with respect to each other, and

- tubes connecting drums in one set with drums in an adjacent set.

10. In a steam generator, the combination with a plurality of longitudinal or main drums arranged in superposed pairs, of a plurality of horizontal and transversely arranged drums connected to said longitudinal or main drums in sets displaced horlzontally with respect to each other, and tubes extending between drums in the adjacent sets of drums.

1 l. In a steam generator, the combination vwith a plurality of longitudinal or main drums arranged in superposed pairs, of a plurality of horizontal and transversely arranged drums connected to said longitudinal or main drums in sets displaced horlzontally with respect 'to each other and ,tubes extending between corresponding drums of such sets aforesaid as are adjacent.

12. In a steam generator, the combination with a plurality of longitudinal or main drums arranged in superposed pairs, of a plurality of horizontal and transversely arranged drums of smaller cross sectional dimensions than said longitudinal or main drums and connected at opposite ends thereto in sets displaced horizontally with respect to each other, and tubular connections smaller in cross section than either of the longitudinal 'or transverse drums and connecting directly the longitudinal drums of vthe pairs which are adjacent.

13. In a steam generator, the combination with a pair of longitudinal or main drums semi-cylindrical in cross section, of a plurality of horizontal and transversely arranged drums having their ends connected to the flat sides of the longitudinal or main drums, .l

as set forth.

14. In a steam generator, the combination with lon itudinal or main drums, of a plurality o horizontal and transversely arranged drums located in sets one above the other and connected at their ends to the longitudinal or main drums, and means for providing an undulating and tortuous path `for the heating gases through the generator.

15. A steam generator comprisin I in combination, a plurality of longitudina or main drums, a plurality of horizontal and transversely arranged drums connected at their ends to the longitudinal or main drums and located in sets displaced horizontally with respect to each other, tubular connections between the several adjacent main drums, a fire grate adjacent to the first of the series of drums of the lowermost transverse set, ,a casing or generator setting for inclosing the several elements, means for conveying away the steam from the uppermost drums, and a chimney or uptake leading from the interior of said casing. 1 y

16. A steam generator comprising in cornbination, a plurality of longitudina or main drums, a plurality of horizontal and transmain drums, a fire grate adjacent to the irst of the series of drums of the lowermost transverse set, a casing or generator setting for inclosing the several elements, means for conveying away the steam from the uppermost drums, and a chimney or uptake leading from the interior of said casing,

signed a London England this isthday of September 1906.. Y

THOMAS LOWTHER j Witnesses:

H. D. JAMESON,` F. LrRAND. 

